Cont. Families of dicots

Family Ranunculaceae

Vegetative characters:

1. Leaves: dissected with reticulate venation.

Floral characters:

2. Flower: Pentamerous.
3. Perianth: differentiated into calyx and corolla.
4. Calyx: posterior sepal may form spur, colored.
5. Corolla: polypetalous, may be 2 united inside the spur.
6. Androecium: Numerous  stamens, may be 15, spirally arranged.
7. Gynoecium: Superior ovary, apocarpous, may be 1 carpel, 1 locule, marginal placentation.

Family: Lauraceae

Vegetative characters:

1. Leaves: with reticulate venation.
2. Aromatic odour present.

Floral characters:

3. Flower: Trimerous.
4. Perianth: undifferentiated into calyx nor corolla, petaloid.
5. Androecium: 12 stamens in 4 whorles, innermost staminodes, the third whorl bearing a pair of basal glandular protuberances.
6. Gynoecium: Superior ovary, 1 carpel, 1 locule, basal placentation.

Family: Papaveraceae

Vegetative characters:

1. Hispid plant.
2. Leaves: with reticulate venation.

Floral characters:

3. Flower: Tetramerous.
4. Perianth: differentiated into calyx and corolla.
5. Calyx: two caducous (falling early) sepals.
6. Corolla: polypetalous, crumbled(duntellate-shape) petals.
7. Androecium: numerous free stamens.
8. Gynoecium: superior ovary, 2-∞ carpels, 1  locule, parietal placentation, capitate stigma.

Family: Cruciferae

Vegetative characters:

1. Leaves: clasping with reticulate venation.

Floral characters:

2. Inflorescence: Corymboracemose.
3. Flower: Tetramerous.
4. Perianth: differentiated into calyx and corolla.
5. Corolla: polypetalous, each differentiated into claw and limb.
6. Androecium: 6 stamens, tetradynamous.
7. Gynoecium: superior ovary, 2 carpels, 2  locules, false septum, parietal placentation.

Family: Leguminosae, subfamily: Mimosoideae

Vegetative characters:

1. Leaves: compound with reticulate venation.

Floral characters:

2. Inflorescence:  Head-like.
3. Flower: Pentamerous.
4. Perianth: differentiated into calyx and corolla.
5. Corolla: poly- or gamopetalous.
6. Androecium: 5-∞ free stamens.
7. Gynoecium: superior ovary, 1 carpel, 1 locule, marginal placentation.

Family: Leguminosae, subfamily: Caesalpinioideae

Vegetative characters:

1. Leaves: compound with reticulate venation.

Floral characters:

2. Flower: Pentamerous.
3. Perianth: differentiated into calyx and corolla.
4. Corolla: polypetalous, imbericate ascending.
5. Androecium: 5-10 stamens.
6. Gynoecium: superior ovary, 1 carpel, 1 locule, marginal placentation.

Family: Leguminosae, subfamily: Papillionoideae

Vegetative characters:

1. Leaves: compound with reticulate venation.

Floral characters:

2. Flower: Pentamerous.
3. Perianth: differentiated into calyx and corolla.
4. Corolla: polypetalous, imbericate descending, papilionaceous

                     corolla(standard,wings, keel).

5. Androecium: 10 stamens, united diadelphous 1,(9).
6. Gynoecium: superior ovary, 1 carpel, 1 locule, marginal placentation.

Family: Malpighiaceae

Vegetative characters:

1. Leaves: compound with reticulate venation.

Floral characters:

2. Flower: Pentamerous.
3. Perianth: differentiated into calyx and corolla.
4. Calyx: sepals with 2 or 1 external glands.
5. Corolla: polypetalous.
6. Androecium: 10 stamens connate at base, obdiplostemony.
7. Gynoecium: superior ovary, 3 carpels, 3 locules, axile placentation.

Family: Tropaeolaceae

Vegetative characters:

1. Leaves: peltate with reticulate multicostate venation.

Floral characters:

2. Flower: Pentamerous.
3. Perianth: differentiated into calyx and corolla.
4. Calyx: posterior 3 sepals united forming spur, colored.
5. Corolla: polypetalous, the 3 anterior differentiated into claw & limb with  

                   corona.

6. Androecium: 8  stamens, obdiplostemony.
7. Gynoecium: Superior ovary, 3 carpels, 3 locules, axile placentation.

Family: Rutaceae

Vegetative characters:

1. Leaves: with reticulate venation.
2. Characteristic odour.

Floral characters:

3. Flower: Tetra- or pentamerous.
4. Perianth: differentiated into calyx and corolla.
5. Corolla: polypetalous.
6. Androecium: 8, 10, (∞) stamens, obdiplostemonous
7. Gynoecium: superior ovary, 4, 5, ∞ carpels, 4, 5, ∞  locules, axile placentation, basal gland.

Family: Sterculiaceae

Vegetative characters:

1. Leaves: with reticulate multicostate venation.

Floral characters:

2. Flower: Pentamerous.
3. Perianth: differentiated into calyx and corolla.
4. Corolla: polypetalous, contorted (clockwise/anticlockwise).
5. Androecium: numerous stamens, united forming incomplete monadelphous staminal tube.
6. Gynoecium: Superior ovary, 5 carpels, 5 locules, axile placentation, red ovules.
7. Androgynophore present.

Family: Malvaceae

Vegetative characters:

1. Leaves: with reticulate multicostate venation.
2. Presence of mucilage.

Floral characters:

3. Flower: Pentamerous.
4. Perianth: differentiated into calyx and corolla.
5. Corolla: polypetalous, contorted (clockwise/anticlockwise) .
6. Androecium: numerous stamens, united forming complete monadelphous staminal tube.
7. Gynoecium: superior ovary, 10 carpels, 10 locules, axile placentation.

Family: Bombacaceae

Vegetative characters:

1. Leaves: with reticulate multicostate venation.

Floral characters:

2. Flower: Pentamerous.
3. Perianth: differentiated into calyx and corolla.
4. Corolla: polypetalous, contorted (clockwise/anticlockwise) .
5. Androecium: numerous stamens, united polyadelphous.
6. Gynoecium: superior ovary, 5 carpels, 5 locules, axile placentation, red ovules.

Family: Myrtaceae

Vegetative characters:

1. Leaves: with reticulate venation.

Floral characters:

2. Flower: Tetramerous or pentamerous  .
3. Perianth: differentiated into calyx and corolla.
4. Corolla: polypetalous.
5. Androecium: numerous stamens.
6. Gynoecium: inferior ovary, 3 carpels, 3 locules, axile placentation, single style.

Family: Apocynaceae

Vegetative characters:

1. Leaves opposite or whorled with reticulate venation.
2. Latex present.

Floral characters:

3. Pentamerous flower.
4. Perianth is differentiated into calyx and corolla.
5. Petals are Gamopetalous, forming corolla tube, contorted aestivation
6. 5  epipetalous stamens, closing the corolla, hairy.
7. Superior ovary, 2 carpels, 2 locules, axile placentation, (may be apocarpous), basal glandular disc is present.

Family: Bignoniaceae

Vegetative characters:

1. Leaves with reticulate venation.

Floral characters:

2. Pentamerous flower.
3. Perianth is differentiated into calyx and corolla.
4. Petals are Gamopetalous, forming corolla tube.
5. 5 epipetalous stamens, 4 fertile and 1 sterile (staminode).
6. Superior ovary, 2 carpels, 2 locules, axile placentation, basal glandular disc, bifid stigma.